| Question |
Answer |
| What is the definition of hypertension? |
|
Persistent systolic pressure above 140, diastolic above 90, OR current use of antihypertensive meds
|
| What disease states have been linked to hypertension?
(5) |
|
Cardiovascular disease, MI, heart failure, stroke and renal disease
|
| What is pre-hypertension? |
|
A persistent SBP of 120-139 or DBP of 80-89
|
| _______ is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessel. |
|
Blood pressure
|
| _______ is the force opposing movement of blood within the blood vessels. |
|
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
|
| What is the major determinant of systemic vascular resistance? |
|
The radius of small arteries and arterioles
|
| What systems are involved in the short term regulation of blood pressure? |
|
SNS and vascular epithelium
|
| At what age does hypertension become more common in women than men? |
|
55
|
| Men with hypertension are more likely to suffer strokes or MI? |
|
MI
|
| Women with hypertension are more likely to suffer strokes or MI? |
|
Strokes
|
|
|
| Why do African Americans not respond as well to angiotensin inhibitors used to treat hypertension? |
|
They produce less renin
|
| Who has a higher incidence of hypertension, African American women or men? |
|
Women (more than 75% over 75 have it)
|
| What impact does the SNS have when a decrease in arterial pressure is detected? |
|
Increased HR, increased contractility, widespread vasoconstriction in peripheral arterioles, and stimulates the kidneys to release renin. All work to raise arterial pressure by increasing CO and SV.
|
| The PNS decreases the heart rate via the _______ nerve. |
|
Vagus
|
| Where are the receptors located that are activated by norepinephrine? |
|
The SA node, myocardium, and vascular smooth muscle
|
| ______ receptors are located in the peripheral vasculature and cause constriction when stimulated by norepinephrine. |
|
Alpha adrenergic receptors
|
| How do beta 1 adrenergic receptors in the heart respond to norepinephrine? |
|
Increased heart rate (chronotropic), increased force of contraction (inotropic) and increased conduction speed
|
| Beta 2 Adrenergic receptors are activated primarily by epinephrine released by the _______ and respond with vasodilation. |
|
Adrenal medulla
|
| Which part of the brain is the control center for BP regulation? |
|
The vasomotor center in the medulla
|
| Which SNS receptors, when stimulated, cause vasoconstriction? |
|
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, and Beta 1
|
|
|